This report presents the findings of a study on the provision of franchising, validation and branch campuses in Higher Education across borders in the EU, referred to as cross-border higher education (CBHE). It was conducted on behalf of the European Commission by a consortium led by the Bertelsmann Stiftung, including Ecorys, ESMU and Horváth & Partners, in partnership with CHE Consult. The study covered three areas: (1) A mapping of the intensity and spread of CBHE carried out in the 27 EU Member States, covering both EU and non-EU based institutions ; (2) A mapping, analysis and assessment of the relevant regulatory frameworks ; and (3) An analysis of the risks and benefits of CBHE provision as well as issues of quality as perceived by stakeholders.